Smart Decision System Dalam Pemakaian Energi Listrik Rumah Tangga Berdasarkan Perubahan Respon Beban Berbasis Iot

Household electricity consumption continues to rise alongside the growing number of customers and the increasing use of electronic appliances. Most existing Internet of Things (IoT)-based electrical energy monitoring systems remain limited to monitoring functions, without an automatic decision-making mechanism capable of responding to load changes. This study aims to design a Smart Decision System capable of monitoring, analyzing, and controlling household electrical energy usage based on real-time load response. The system integrates a PZEM-004T sensor to measure voltage, current, power, and energy, an ESP32 microcontroller as the central data-processing and decision-making unit, a relay module as the load-control actuator, and the Blynk application as an IoT-based monitoring interface. When the measured power exceeds a predefined threshold, the system automatically disconnects non-priority loads through the relay module (load shedding) and gradually reactivates them through an Automatic Load Recovery process once conditions return to normal. Test results show that the PZEM-004T sensor reads electrical parameters with good accuracy, with a voltage error ranging from 1.42%–1.64% and a power reading close to the theoretical value. The relay module successfully responded to ON/OFF commands, and monitoring data was successfully transmitted and displayed in real time through the Blynk application. Overall, the designed system successfully performed both monitoring and automatic load-control functions, helping households improve the efficiency of their electricity usage.