Analisiss Pengaruh NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head) Terhadap Kavitasi Pada Pompa Sentrifugal di PT.Merdian Sejati Surya Plantation

This study aims to analyze the effect of changes in Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) values on cavitation occurrence in centrifugal pumps and to determine the NPSH threshold to prevent cavitation. Cavitation is a phenomenon where vapor bubbles form on the suction side of the pump, which can
reduce efficiency and damage pump components. The research was conducted experimentally by measuring suction pressure, flow rate, rotational speed, vibration, and noise in a centrifugal pump at PT. Meridan Sejati Surya Plantation during the period of September 1–5, 2025. The test results showed that a decrease in NPSH values significantly increased cavitation symptoms, indicated by increased
vibration and noise, as well as reduced pump flow rate and head. The initial cavitation threshold was found in the range of NPSHa 5.5–5.0 meters, and severe cavitation occurred below 5.0 meters. This condition also caused a reduction in efficiency of up to 12% and vibration levels exceeding the ISO 10816 safety standard. Therefore, the available NPSH value must always be maintained higher than the required NPSH value to ensure the pump operates optimally and lasts longer. This study provides recommendations for adjusting suction height, suction pipe diameter, and suction tank pressure to prevent cavitation, as well as emphasizing the importance of regular pump maintenance.