Komponen Biaya Operasional Bongkar Muat Petikemas di PT. Pelindo Terminal Petikemas Perawang

Ports play a strategic role in supporting interregional connectivity, goods distribution, and national economic growth. However, Indonesia's logistics costs, which are still relatively high in the Asian region, indicate efficiency issues within the national logistics system, including in port services. The Perawang Container Terminal (TPK) as part of Pelindo Regional 1 plays a crucial role in supporting domestic and export trade flows in the Riau region, with container throughput reaching 150,010 TEUs in 2025, representing a 15.5% increase compared to the previous year. This increase in flow indicates high logistics activity, but on the other hand, has the potential to incur transaction costs that impact port competitiveness. This study aims to examine the magnitude of transaction costs at PT. Pelindo Perawang Container Terminal, Riau. This study uses qualitative methods and a descriptive approach. The methods used to obtain the required information from relevant parties are direct observation, interviews, and documentation.The results of the study showed that the operational cost component consists of direct and indirect costs. Factors that contribute to high operating costs include delayed container recalls, Out of Gauge (OOG) loads and ship-shifting activities due to load unloading equipment failures. The determination of operating costs is made on the basis of operational needs of terminals and in reference to Law No. 17 of 2008 regarding Shipping.