Implementasi Sistem Pengendalian Suhu Menggunakan Metode PID (Proportional Integral Derivative)

Unstable warehouse temperatures accelerate product damage, whereas conventional ON/OFF ventilation systems cause thermal fluctuations and energy waste. This study implements an automatic warehouse temperature control system using the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) method based on a microcontroller. Built with an Arduino Uno R3, LM35 analog temperature sensor, Robotdyn 2-channel AC Light Dimmer module, 2004A I2C LCD display, and two 220V AC exhaust fans, the system utilizes tuned PID parameters of Kp = 5.0, Ki = 0.05, and Kd = 0.2. Calibration testing of the LM35 sensor achieved an accuracy of 98.90% with an average absolute error of 0.38⸰C and an average percentage error of 1.10%. The actuator's dead-band zone below 65% power was successfully mitigated using Piecewise Output Mapping within an effective operating range of 65% - 95%. Furthermore, executing the setState(OFF) command when error ≤ 0 completely isolated residual voltage (0.015V) and eliminated humming noise. Time-response testing from an initial temperature of 34.6⸰C to a 30.0⸰C setpoint yielded a Rise Time of 24 seconds, Delay Time of 16 seconds, and Steady-State Error of 0.0⸰C. The integrated control system proved to be responsive, precise, and stable for warehouse thermal management.