Analisis Eksperimental Rugi Aliran Mayor dan Minor pada Sistem Perpipaan Pompa Sentrifugal

and provide a useful reference for designing more efficient piping systems. Pumping and piping systems play an important role in fluid transportation processes in industrial and laboratory applications. In centrifugal pump systems, energy Losses within the piping network directly affect hydraulic performance and operational efficiency. These energy Losses, known as head Losses, consist of major Losses caused by friction along straight pipes and Minor Losses resulting from pipe Fittings such as elbows and valves. This study aims to experimentally analyze the magnitude of major and Minor head Losses in a piping system connected to a centrifugal pump under controlled laboratory conditions. The experimental method employed a ½-inch PVC pipe with various valve opening settings to produce different flow rate conditions. The measured parameters included flow rate, pressure difference, and pump speed. Flow velocity and Reynolds number were determined using the continuity equation, while major head Loss was calculated using the Darcy Weisbach equation and Minor head Loss was determined using the Loss coefficients of pipe Fittings. The results indicate that increasing the flow rate significantly increases the total head Loss due to higher flow velocity and greater friction between the fluid and the pipe wall. Furthermore, the 90° elbow produced greater head Losses than the 45° elbow because the sharper change in flow direction generated higher turbulence. The experimental findings are consistent with fluid flow theory

Keywords: centrifugal pump, head Loss, major head Loss, Minor head Loss, experiment