Rancang Bangun Pembangkit Hybrid Photovoltaic–Thermoelectric Generator Dengan Sistem Monitoring Berbasis Internet Of Things (Iot)

The increasing demand for electrical energy encourages the utilization of renewable energy as an environmentally friendly alternative energy source. One approach is to develop a hybrid power generation system that combines Photovoltaic (PV) and Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) technologies. This study aims to design and develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring system for a hybrid PV–TEG power generator to monitor voltage, current, temperature, and power in real time. The system uses a photovoltaic panel as the primary energy source and a thermoelectric generator as the auxiliary energy source. The monitoring system consists of voltage sensors, ACS712 current sensors, a DS18B20 temperature sensor, an ESP32 microcontroller, and the Blynk application connected through a WiFi network. The experimental results show that the system successfully transmits sensor data to the Blynk application in real time. The photovoltaic panel voltage measured 18.61 V using a digital multimeter, while the Blynk application displayed 16.50 V. The DS18B20 temperature sensor successfully measured a temperature of 41.7°C, whereas both the PV and TEG current sensors indicated 0.00 A because the generated current was insufficient to be detected by the ACS712 sensor. Overall, the developed monitoring system operated successfully according to the research objectives, although further sensor calibration is required to improve measurement accuracy.