Rancang Bangun Rangka Dan Sistem Kemudi Mobil Hemat Energi Kelas Prototype

An energy-efficient vehicle is designed to minimize energy consumption, requiring a frame structure that is both lightweight and strong, as well as a stable steering system. This research is motivated by the need for a frame and steering design that meets the regulations of the Energy-Efficient Car Competition (KMHE) in the prototype category. The problem statements include how to design a lightweight and strong frame, integrate the steering system within limited dimensions (maximum length 3 m, width 1.3 m, height 1 m), and ensure vehicle performance and safety. The scope of the study covers vehicle dimensions, a maximum total weight of 140 kg (without the driver), and a turning radius ≤ 8 m as required by the regulations. The objective is to design and manufacture a tubular frame and a manual direct linkage steering system that are safe, stable, and compliant with competition requirements. The methodology includes literature review, CAD design using SolidWorks, prototype fabrication, and frame strength testing using a static load simulation of 670 N at the center of mass, as well as turning radius and cornering behavior tests. The results show a maximum stress of 100.1 MPa under a 670 N load, well below the material yield strength of 250 MPa, resulting in a safety factor of 2.49–2.7. The minimum turning radius achieved is 5.8 m at a 25° steering angle, meeting KMHE regulations. Cornering behavior tests indicate that the vehicle maintains a neutral steering characteristic at various speeds, demonstrating good stability. Therefore, the designed frame and steering system are feasible for use in a prototype-class energy-efficient vehicle.