Studi Eksperimen Pengaruh Jarak Penempatan Breakwater Terhadap Gelombang (Studi Kasus: Pantai Madani Pambang)

Experimental Study on Breakwater Structure at Madani Beach, Pambang Pesisir Madani Beach, located in Pambang Pesisir Village, Bantan District, is a coastal tourist area equipped with a rubble mound breakwater structure constructed using crushed stone material. In this study, an experimental simulation was conducted to evaluate the performance of the existing breakwater structure. The breakwater model was developed based on the actual field condition using crushed stones with a diameter of 3–10 cm, and scaled down by a factor of 1:20 relative to the prototype dimensions. The model was tested in a flume tank at the laboratory by applying various placement distances of the breakwater from the shoreline and different water level conditions (representing normal and high tide scenarios). The primary objective of the experiment was to determine which breakwater placement distance is most efficient in reducing wave overtopping in the coastal area of Madani Beach. The experimental results demonstrated that the placement distance of the breakwater significantly affects its effectiveness in dissipating wave energy. Under normal tide conditions, where the water level is below the crest of the structure, placement distances of 50 meters and 90 meters from the shoreline yielded wave transmission coefficients (Kt) of 0.2 and 0.5, which fall under the effective and moderately effective categories, respectively, in terms of energy reduction. Conversely, under high tide conditions, where the water level exceeds the breakwater crest, the
obtained Kt values were 0.6 and 1.4, which are classified as less effective, indicating that a substantial amount of wave energy was still transmitted past the structure.