Rancang Bangun Alat Perbaikan Daya Satu Fasa Menggunakan Variabel Kapasitor Berbasis Arduino Uno

In a single-phase electrical system, power quality degradation often occurs due to the dominance of inductive loads such as electric motors and household appliances. This condition leads to low power factor, increased energy consumption, and damage to electronic equipment. To address this issue, an automatic device based on Arduino Uno was designed to improve the power factor by dynamically adjusting the capacitance value according to the connected load. The device employs the PZEM-004T sensor to measure electrical parameters such as voltage, current, power, and power factor, which are then processed by the microcontroller to determine the required capacitance. The test results show that the device functions optimally with a 100% accuracy of the 4-channel relay combination and is able to improve the power factor of a water pump from an initial value of 0.79 to an optimal value of 0.96, with an average error percentage of 0.55 % for voltage, 1.25 % for current, and 0.51 % for power factor. This design is expected to enhance electrical energy efficiency and extend the lifespan of electronic equipment.