Penentuan Jarak Aman Operasional Alat Berat Excavator Terhadap Dinding Penahan Tanah Berdasarkan Analisis Stabilitas Menggunakan PLAXIS (Studi Kasus: Konstruksi Kanal di Batam)

The modernization of the construction industry has increased the use of heavy equipment to improve work efficiency. However, the additional surcharge load generated by heavy equipment operating near a retaining wall may reduce the structural stability. This issue occurred during the canal construction project in Batam City, specifically at STA 0+220 – 0+230, where the retaining wall experienced tilting during construction. This study aims to determine the safety factor of the retaining wall under its initial condition, analyze the effect of the Hyundai R140LC-9S Excavator load on the wall stability, and determine the minimum safe distance of the Excavator. The analysis was conducted through manual calculations of overturning stability, sliding stability, and bearing capacity using geotechnical equations, as well as numerical analysis using PLAXIS. The results indicate that the initial condition satisfies the required safety criteria, with a global safety factor of 2.076 obtained from PLAXIS, while the manual calculations produced safety factors of 2.216 for overturning, 1.724 for sliding, and 4.245 for bearing capacity. The excavator load reduced the safety factor, with PLAXIS results of 1.427 at a distance of 2 m, 1.553 at 2.5 m, and 1.593 at 3 m. Based on the PLAXIS analysis, the minimum safe operating distance of the excavator is 2.5 m, whereas the manual calculations provide a more conservative recommendation of 4 m.